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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing
05:54

Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing

Published on: January 28, 2021

Candidate odours for a short form odorant identification test.

Ranjit K Mal1, Chris Webber, Desmond A Nunez

  • 1Academic Otolaryngology Unit, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Westbury On Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|February 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Developing a reliable olfactory screening test is crucial for clinical practice. Peppermint, fish, and coffee odors show promise for a shortened olfactory identification test in the UK population.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Olfactory function assessment is challenging, with a known discrepancy between self-reported and objective measures.
  • Current validated olfactory tests are underutilized in general clinical settings.
  • There is a clear need for accessible and efficient olfactory assessment tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific odors from a commercial test identifiable by at least 70% of normal subjects.
  • To lay the groundwork for a shortened olfactory screening test suitable for UK clinics.
  • To improve the clinical assessment of olfactory dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 104 hospital staff and medical students under 50 years old.
  • Administered a 12-odorant identification test in a controlled, odor-neutral environment.
  • Participants self-identified odors and rated perceived intensity on a 4-point scale.

Main Results:

  • Overall odorant identification accuracy was 37.3% (466/1248 tests).
  • Peppermint (88.5%), fish (79.8%), and coffee (69.7%) odors were the most frequently identified without prompts.
  • These three odors were perceived as present in all tests but had varying identification rates.

Conclusions:

  • Peppermint, fish, and coffee odors demonstrate potential for a brief olfactory screening test.
  • Further evaluation of these specific odors is recommended for a UK population-based olfactory test.
  • A targeted screening tool could enhance the detection of olfactory impairments in clinical settings.