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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Co-Culture In Vitro Systems to Reproduce the Cancer-Immunity Cycle
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Chemoimmunotherapy: reengineering tumor immunity.

Gang Chen1, Leisha A Emens

  • 1The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA.

Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII
|February 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Certain chemotherapy drugs enhance anti-tumor immunity by inducing immunologically active cell death and modulating the tumor microenvironment. Understanding these interactions is key for effective cancer immunotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chemotherapy has been traditionally viewed as immunosuppressive.
  • Emerging evidence suggests some cytotoxic drugs can enhance anti-tumor immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy drugs.
  • To understand how chemotherapy interacts with the immune system in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent data on chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death.
  • Analysis of chemotherapy's effects on the tumor microenvironment.
  • Examination of drug-specific, dose-dependent, and schedule-dependent immunomodulatory effects.

Main Results:

  • Some chemotherapy drugs promote tumor immunity by inducing immunologically active cell death.
  • Chemotherapy can modulate both malignant and host cells within the tumor microenvironment.
  • Immunomodulatory effects are influenced by drug type, dose, and scheduling.

Conclusions:

  • Chemotherapy can be a potent immune-sensitizing agent.
  • Optimizing chemotherapy-immunotherapy integration requires understanding their complex interactions.
  • This knowledge is crucial for improving long-term clinical outcomes in cancer patients.