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Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
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Dipolar magnetism in ordered and disordered low-dimensional nanoparticle assemblies.

M Varón1, M Beleggia, T Kasama

  • 1Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.

Scientific Reports
|February 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetostatic interactions in cobalt nanoparticles enable magnetic order at room temperature. Even disordered nanoparticle arrangements exhibit ferromagnetic properties, crucial for novel magnetic materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Magnetostatic (dipolar) interactions are key to controlling collective magnetic properties in nanoparticle assemblies.
  • Sufficiently strong dipolar interactions can maintain magnetic order at ambient temperatures in closely-spaced nanoparticles.
  • Controlling magnetic properties at the nanoparticle level is essential for designing advanced nanocrystalline magnetic materials and devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between particle arrangement and magnetic order in self-assembled cobalt nanoparticle systems.
  • To reveal the nature of magnetic order (ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, flux closure) based on nanoparticle arrangement.
  • To understand the magnetic behavior of nanoparticle assemblies after magnetic saturation, irrespective of their arrangement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing electron holography with sub-particle resolution to probe magnetic order.
  • Analyzing self-assembled 1D and quasi-2D arrangements of 15 nm cobalt nanoparticles.
  • Performing measurements and numerical simulations to quantify magnetic properties.

Main Results:

  • Observed diverse magnetic ordering (dipolar ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, local flux closure) dependent on initial particle arrangement.
  • Demonstrated the emergence of overall ferromagnetic order in nanoparticle assemblies even after magnetic saturation and in disordered states.
  • Quantified the direct correlation between topological arrangement and magnetic order in the studied systems.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle arrangement significantly influences initial magnetic ordering, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and flux closure.
  • Overall ferromagnetic order persists in nanoparticle assemblies post-saturation, regardless of their topological arrangement.
  • Understanding the interplay between topological and magnetic order is vital for the technological application of magnetic nanoparticle assemblies.