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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Updated: May 14, 2026

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells
10:01

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells

Published on: August 2, 2022

Systemic therapeutic options for carcinoid.

Marianne Pavel1, Mark Kidd, Irvin Modlin

  • 1Charité University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany. marianne.pavel@charite.de

Seminars in Oncology
|February 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carcinoid tumors, a type of neuroendocrine neoplasm, present treatment challenges. While some therapies offer modest benefits, effective systemic treatments are lacking, necessitating further research into targeted therapies for neuroendocrine neoplasms.

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Establishment and Characterization of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor Spheroids
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Establishment and Characterization of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor Spheroids
09:43

Establishment and Characterization of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor Spheroids

Published on: October 14, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Carcinoids are slow-growing neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) with limited systemic treatment options.
  • Current therapies like somatostatin analogs (SSAs) offer modest antiproliferative effects and prolong progression-free survival but rarely induce remission.
  • Chemotherapy has limited utility in low-grade carcinoids, and radionuclide therapy is investigational.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current therapeutic strategies for carcinoid tumors.
  • To highlight the unmet need for effective systemic antiproliferative agents.
  • To discuss emerging targeted therapies and the importance of understanding tumor biology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of therapeutic options for carcinoid tumors.
  • Analysis of the efficacy and limitations of existing treatments.
  • Discussion of novel therapeutic approaches, including targeted drugs and molecular criteria for patient selection.

Main Results:

  • Somatostatin analogs and interferon-alpha are standard for carcinoid syndrome but have limited antiproliferative efficacy.
  • Chemotherapy is mainly useful for higher-grade tumors.
  • Emerging targeted therapies (mTOR inhibitors, anti-angiogenics) show rare objective remissions and require further validation.

Conclusions:

  • Effective systemic antiproliferative agents for carcinoids are lacking.
  • Further research into neuroendocrine neoplasm biology is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Identifying molecular markers is essential for preselecting patients for novel treatments.