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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

Nephropathy in diabetes.

Bancha Satirapoj1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand. satirapoj@yahoo.com

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diabetic nephropathy, a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, involves hyperglycemia-induced kidney injury. Intensive interventions significantly reduce cardiovascular events and kidney damage compared to conventional treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Diabetes is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) necessitating dialysis.
  • Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) risk factors include environmental and genetic elements, with hyperglycemia-mediated metabolic and hemodynamic pathways causing kidney injury.
  • Key biochemical pathways implicated in hyperglycemia-induced tissue damage include non-enzymatic glycation, protein kinase C activation, polyol pathway acceleration, and oxidative stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the pathological changes in Diabetic Nephropathy.
  • To highlight therapeutic strategies for managing DN and associated risks.
  • To compare the efficacy of intensive interventions versus conventional multifactorial treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established knowledge on DN pathogenesis and histology.

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Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease
09:16

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

Published on: June 30, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease
09:16

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

Published on: June 30, 2018

  • Identification of key biochemical and histological changes in DN.
  • Analysis of therapeutic regimens targeting blood glucose, blood pressure, and proteinuria.

    • Main Results:

    • Diabetic Nephropathy is characterized by mesangial expansion, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, and glomerular sclerosis.
    • Therapeutic goals include achieving optimal blood glucose, blood pressure, and proteinuria levels.
    • Lifestyle modifications such as dietary protein/salt restriction, weight reduction, lipid lowering, smoking cessation, and exercise are crucial.

    Conclusions:

    • Intensive multifactorial interventions targeting multiple risk factors significantly reduce cardiovascular events and nephropathy progression.
    • Achieving therapeutic goals in blood glucose, blood pressure, and proteinuria is essential for managing DN.
    • Aggressive management strategies, including lifestyle changes and lipid lowering, offer substantial benefits in preventing DN complications.