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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

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Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose

Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose

Published on: March 30, 2012

Kiwifruit allergies.

Merima Bublin¹

¹Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. merima.bublin@meduniwien.ac.at

Advances in Food and Nutrition Research

|February 12, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Kiwifruit allergy affects some individuals, often linked to pollen or latex allergies. Research identifies key kiwifruit allergens (Act d 1-11) and suggests breeding lower-allergenicity varieties for allergy relief.

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Area of Science:

Food allergy research
Immunology
Plant science

Background:

Kiwifruit is nutritious but can cause allergic reactions in a subset of the population.
Kiwifruit allergy is frequently linked to other allergies, including birch and grass pollen, and latex.
Isolated kiwifruit allergy can be severe and is relatively common.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize the allergens responsible for IgE-mediated kiwifruit allergy.
To understand the differences in allergenicity among various kiwifruit cultivars.
To explore the potential for developing low-allergenic kiwifruit varieties.

Main Methods:

Identification and characterization of eleven known kiwifruit allergens (Act d 1-11).
Analysis of the roles of specific allergens like Act d 8 (Bet v 1 homologue) and Act d 9 (profilin) in polysensitized individuals.
Investigation of the significance of actinidin (Act d 1) in monosensitized individuals.

Main Results:

Eleven kiwifruit allergens, Act d 1 through Act d 11, have been identified in Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward.
Act d 8 and Act d 9 are significant allergens in individuals with multiple allergies.
Act d 1 is a key allergen in those solely allergic to kiwifruit.
Variability in allergenicity exists across different kiwifruit cultivars.

Conclusions:

Understanding kiwifruit allergens is crucial for diagnosing and managing allergy.
Act d 1, Act d 8, and Act d 9 play distinct roles depending on sensitization patterns.
Breeding and selecting kiwifruit cultivars with reduced allergenicity could benefit allergic individuals.