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Updated: May 14, 2026

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

Published on: February 27, 2015

A practical guide to quantify cell adhesion using single-cell force spectroscopy.

Jens Friedrichs¹, Kyle R Legate, Rajib Schubert

¹Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany. friedrichs@ipfdd.de

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)

|February 12, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This guide details using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) to measure cell adhesion strength. It helps researchers quantify cell-substrate interactions for understanding development and disease.

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Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface

Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface

Published on: November 2, 2011

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

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Published on: February 27, 2015

Functionalization of Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers with Single-T Cells or Single-Particle for Immunological Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy

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Published on: July 10, 2019

Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface

Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface

Published on: November 2, 2011

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Cell Biology
Materials Science

Background:

Understanding cellular interactions with the extracellular environment is crucial for multicellular organism development and disease research.
Quantifying cell adhesion strength provides insights into cellular regulation and disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a practical guide for quantifying the adhesive strength of living animal cells to substrates.
To assist researchers, especially newcomers, in performing atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) measurements.

Main Methods:

Utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM) for single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS).
Describing methods for controlling cell state and attachment to the AFM cantilever.
Detailing the functionalization of substrates for SCFS measurements.
Explaining the process of conducting cell adhesion measurements and analyzing SCFS data.

Main Results:

The study provides a comprehensive protocol for AFM-based SCFS.
The guide covers essential steps from sample preparation to data interpretation.
It enables quantitative analysis of cell adhesion forces.

Conclusions:

AFM-based SCFS is a valuable technique for quantifying cell adhesion.
This guide facilitates the adoption and application of SCFS in cell biology research.
Accurate measurement of cell adhesion is vital for understanding biological processes and diseases.