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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
09:40

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

Published on: January 25, 2019

The annotation-enriched non-redundant patent sequence databases.

Weizhong Li1, Bartosz Kondratowicz, Hamish McWilliam

  • 1European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL Outstation, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CD10 1SD, UK.

Database : the Journal of Biological Databases and Curation
|February 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The European Bioinformatics Institute provides public access to non-redundant patent sequence databases, enhancing data quality and accessibility for researchers and intellectual property professionals.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Intellectual Property
  • Genomic Data Management

Background:

  • The European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) manages extensive biological databases.
  • Patent sequence data is crucial for both scientific research and intellectual property evaluation.
  • Previous versions of patent sequence databases may have lacked comprehensive annotation and data quality controls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the EMBL-EBI's non-redundant (NR) patent sequence databases.
  • To detail the data collection, annotation processes, and recent improvements.
  • To highlight the value of these databases for the scientific and intellectual property communities.

Main Methods:

  • Development of two-level nucleotide and protein sequence clusters (NRNL1, NRNL2, NRPL1, NRPL2) based on sequence identity and patent family.
  • Merging and enhancing annotations from source entries with patent literature and biological context.
  • Implementing data quality improvements, including corrections to patent publication numbers, kind-codes, and patent equivalents.
  • Providing diverse data access and search functionalities (web browser, FTP, SRS, Dbfetch, EBI-Search, BLAST, FASTA, PSI-Search).

Main Results:

  • The non-redundant patent sequence databases offer curated and enhanced sequence data.
  • Data quality is significantly improved through systematic corrections and comprehensive annotation.
  • Enhanced data accessibility via multiple user interfaces and advanced search tools.
  • Recent updates include annotation for singleton clusters, identifier versioning, and cross-database entry mappings.

Conclusions:

  • The EMBL-EBI's NR patent sequence databases provide a high-quality, publicly accessible resource.
  • Continuous improvements enhance the utility of patent sequence data for research and IP analysis.
  • These databases serve as a vital link between biological innovation and intellectual property protection.