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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
11:08

Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: October 16, 2014

Genome instability and aging.

Jan Vijg1, Yousin Suh

  • 1Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA. jan.vijg@einstein.yu.edu

Annual Review of Physiology
|February 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome instability, marked by DNA damage and mutations, is a key driver of aging. This study models how somatic genome alterations cause age-related decline and disease, offering insights into longevity and interventions.

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Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model
08:46

Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model

Published on: September 29, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
11:08

Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: October 16, 2014

Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model
08:46

Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model

Published on: September 29, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Somatic cells face daily DNA damage from internal and external sources.
  • Genome maintenance systems repair DNA, but errors lead to mutations and epimutations.
  • Accumulation of somatic mutations is observed in aging animals, but their causal role is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between DNA damage, repair, and mutation accumulation with age.
  • To present a model linking somatic genome alterations to age-related functional decline and disease.
  • To discuss the role of genome instability genetics in longevity and potential interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of DNA damage, repair, and mutation concepts.
  • Analysis of data on genome alterations across the lifespan.
  • Model development for somatic mutation-driven aging.
  • Discussion of genetic factors influencing genome instability and longevity.

Main Results:

  • DNA damage and repair errors lead to mutations and epimutations.
  • Somatic genome alterations accumulate with age in various tissues.
  • A model is proposed where these alterations drive aging phenotypes and age-related diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Genome instability is a significant causal factor in aging.
  • Somatic genome alterations contribute to functional decline and disease in old age.
  • Genetic approaches targeting genome instability may offer interventions to extend lifespan and reduce disease risk.