[Host's genetics in HIV disease].

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunogenetics
• Human Genetics

Context:

• Historically, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) response was monitored using phenotypic markers like CD4+ T cell counts and opportunistic infections.
• Since 1996, viral load has become a primary phenotype for genetic research in HIV.
• Advancements in understanding HIV pathophysiology have revealed the significant role of genetic variability in inter-individual responses.

Purpose:

• To highlight the influence of genetic variability on inter-individual responses to HIV infection.
• To discuss the impact of specific genes, including CCR5, HLA-B, and HLA-C, on HIV disease progression and treatment outcomes.
• To explore the clinical applications of genetic insights in managing HIV and other chronic viral infections.

Summary:

• Genetic factors, such as variations in CCR5, HLA-B, and HLA-C genes, significantly impact how individuals respond to HIV.
• Clinical applications include screening for HLA-B*57:01 before prescribing abacavir and utilizing CCR5 variants for potential HIV eradication strategies post-transplantation.
• The study underscores the growing importance of host genetics in managing chronic viral infections beyond HIV.

Impact:

• Genetic insights are transforming personalized medicine for HIV treatment, enabling more effective and tailored therapeutic approaches.
• The identification of specific genetic markers allows for proactive clinical decisions, such as pre-treatment screening for adverse drug reactions.
• This research emphasizes the broader applicability of genetic analysis in managing various chronic viral diseases, paving the way for novel treatment paradigms.