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Related Concept Videos

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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In situ pair distribution function study on lanthanum doped ceria.

Mauro Coduri1, Marco Scavini, Michela Brunelli

  • 1Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy. mauro.coduri@unimi.it

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|February 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Lanthanum-doped ceria (La-ceria) exhibits structural changes under solid oxide fuel cell operating conditions. Understanding these structural evolutions in La-ceria is crucial for improving fuel cell performance and durability.

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Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties
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Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

Published on: August 15, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • Doped ceria, particularly lanthanum-doped ceria (La-ceria), is a key material in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to its ionic conductivity.
  • Understanding the structural behavior of La-ceria under SOFC operating conditions is essential for optimizing device performance and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the average and local structure evolution of La-doped ceria (Ce(1-x)La(x)O(2-x/2), x = 0.25) under simulated SOFC operating conditions.
  • To elucidate the impact of lanthanum doping on the structural properties of ceria under both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres at high temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Neutron powder diffraction with Rietveld analysis to determine average crystal structure.
  • High-energy X-ray diffraction to probe local structure and disorder under various atmospheres (air and reducing).

Main Results:

  • Rietveld analysis revealed the average structural parameters of La-doped ceria.
  • High-energy X-ray diffraction provided insights into the local structural evolution and disorder at high temperatures.
  • Structural responses to different atmospheric conditions (air vs. reducing) were observed.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterized the structural evolution of La-doped ceria under SOFC relevant conditions.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of La-ceria's behavior, informing the design of more efficient and stable SOFCs.