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Updated: May 14, 2026
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Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
Published on: May 26, 2023
Surgical management of mitral annular calcification
1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku Kobe, 650-0047, Japan, yukiok@kcho.jp.
General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|February 14, 2013
Summary
Mitral annular calcification (MAC) presents surgical challenges due to calcification of the mitral valve ring. This review details surgical techniques and outcomes for high-risk patients with MAC.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Cardiac Surgery
- Valvular Heart Disease
Background:
- Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a degenerative condition affecting the mitral valve ring, prevalent in elderly and dialysis patients.
- Patients with MAC often present with advanced age, female sex, hypertension, and coexisting heart valve disease.
- The calcified annulus creates significant technical difficulties during mitral valve surgery, increasing risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical context of mitral annular calcification.
- To detail surgical techniques employed for mitral valve surgery in patients with MAC.
- To analyze the outcomes of these surgical interventions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on mitral annular calcification.
- Analysis of surgical strategies for mitral valve repair/replacement in MAC patients.
- Evaluation of reported surgical results and complications.
Main Results:
- MAC complicates mitral valve surgery, increasing risks of cardiac rupture and periprostular leaks.
- Specific surgical techniques are required to manage the calcified annulus.
- Outcomes vary depending on the chosen technique and patient risk factors.
Conclusions:
- Mitral valve surgery in the presence of MAC remains technically demanding.
- Further development of simplified and reproducible surgical techniques is needed.
- Careful surgical planning and execution are crucial for favorable outcomes in MAC patients.
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