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Related Concept Videos

Pollination and Flower Structure02:40

Pollination and Flower Structure

Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
Morphogenesis02:19

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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata02:04

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Field Experiments of Pollination Ecology: The Case of Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea
07:19

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Published on: November 25, 2016

Control of flower size.

Beth A Krizek1, Jill T Anderson

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. krizek@sc.edu

Journal of Experimental Botany
|February 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flower size variation is evolutionarily significant, impacting reproductive isolation. This review integrates evolutionary and developmental insights into the genetic basis of floral size, primarily from studies in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Plant Genetics

Background:

  • Flowers display significant morphological diversity, particularly in size, both between and within species.
  • Flower size variation has evolutionary consequences, potentially contributing to reproductive isolation.
  • Understanding the genetic and developmental underpinnings of flower size is crucial for evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and integrate current knowledge on flower size variation from evolutionary and developmental perspectives.
  • To examine the role of flower size in the evolution of mating systems.
  • To summarize the genetic basis of flower size, including insights from quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and model plant studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review integrating findings from evolutionary biology and developmental biology.
  • Analysis of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies across various plant species.
  • Examination of molecular genetic studies, particularly in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

Main Results:

  • Flower size variation plays a role in reproductive isolation and mating system evolution.
  • Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana indicate that multiple independent genetic pathways regulate floral organ growth.
  • These pathways influence flower size through mechanisms affecting cell proliferation and/or cell expansion.

Conclusions:

  • Flower size is a complex trait influenced by numerous genetic pathways.
  • Integrating evolutionary and developmental biology provides a comprehensive understanding of floral size variation.
  • Further research in model and diverse plant species is essential to fully elucidate the genetic architecture of flower size.