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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

The Th17 family: flexibility follows function.

Rajatava Basu1, Robin D Hatton, Casey T Weaver

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. rbasu@uab.edu

Immunological Reviews
|February 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, a key part of adaptive immunity, show remarkable developmental flexibility. Their plasticity impacts immune regulation, host defense, and immune-mediated diseases.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

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Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • T-cell biology
  • Immune regulation

Background:

  • The discovery of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells significantly advanced T-cell biology and immune regulation.
  • Th17 cells highlight the plasticity of T-cell developmental programs.
  • Th17 cell development shares similarities with induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells, initially promoted by transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the developmental and functional characteristics of Th17 cells.
  • To compare Th17 cells with iTreg, Th1, and Th22 cells.
  • To understand the role of the Th17 pathway in host defense, immune homeostasis, and immune-mediated diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of T-cell subsets (Th17, iTreg, Th1, Th22).
  • Examination of developmental pathways and functional attributes.
  • Review of existing literature on Th17 cell plasticity and regulation.

Main Results:

  • Th17 cells exhibit significant developmental flexibility and plasticity.
  • Th17 cell programming overlaps with Th1 cells through incompletely understood mechanisms.
  • The Th17 pathway plays a crucial role in immune homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Th17 cell plasticity is a key feature influencing immune responses.
  • Understanding Th17 cell interactions with other T-cell subsets is vital for immunoregulation.
  • The Th17 pathway is critical for host defense and has implications for immune-mediated diseases.