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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice
08:37

Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: April 21, 2015

CD4(+) T-cell subsets in intestinal inflammation.

Matthew Shale1, Chris Schiering, Fiona Powrie

  • 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Immunological Reviews
|February 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intestinal CD4(+) T cells are crucial for gut immune balance and inflammation. Understanding their diverse roles and how diet and microbes influence them offers new therapeutic targets for intestinal diseases like inflammatory bowel disease.

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Induction of Murine Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of Effector CD4+CD45RBhigh T Cells into Immunodeficient Mice
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Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
07:34

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: December 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Intestinal CD4(+) T cells are key regulators of immune homeostasis and inflammation in the gut.
  • The intestine is a critical site for generating and controlling immune responses throughout the body.
  • Recent research has significantly advanced the understanding of intestinal CD4(+) T cell biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the understanding of CD4(+) T cells in intestinal immunity.
  • To highlight the functional roles of effector and regulatory CD4(+) T cell populations.
  • To discuss the impact of dietary and microbiota-derived factors on intestinal CD4(+) T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in intestinal immunology.
  • Analysis of studies on CD4(+) T cell subsets in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Synthesis of information on immune regulation, homeostasis, and disease.

Main Results:

  • Multiple subsets of intestinal CD4(+) T cells exist, each with distinct functions.
  • Effector and regulatory CD4(+) T cell populations play critical roles in intestinal health and disease.
  • Dietary components and gut microbiota significantly influence the intestinal CD4(+) T cell compartment.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal CD4(+) T cells have multifaceted roles in immunity, homeostasis, and disease.
  • Understanding these roles provides potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease and other intestinal disorders.
  • Further research into the interplay of diet, microbiota, and CD4(+) T cells is essential for advancing intestinal immunology.