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Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...

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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
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Published on: August 12, 2017

CD4(+) T-cell subsets in transplantation.

Zhongmin Liu1, Huimin Fan, Shuiping Jiang

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Immunological Reviews
|February 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Distinct CD4(+) T-cell subsets, including T-helper 9 (Th9), Th17, and Th22 cells, significantly impact allograft rejection. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) also play a crucial role in modulating these responses for transplantation tolerance.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation immunology
  • Adaptive immunity

Background:

  • The adaptive immune system's complexity has expanded beyond the traditional Th1/Th2 paradigm with the identification of distinct CD4(+) T-cell subsets.
  • Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been implicated in allograft rejection, highlighting the role of Th17 cells alongside Th1 and Th2 cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and follicular T-helper (Tfh) cell involvement in allograft rejection.
  • To explore the regulatory mechanisms of CD4(+) T-cell subsets by CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in transplantation tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on T-cell subsets in transplantation.
  • Analysis of studies involving animal models and clinical transplantation.

Main Results:

  • Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and Tfh cells are all implicated in mediating allograft rejection.
  • CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key regulators of CD4(+) T-cell subsets, influencing transplantation tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the diverse roles of T-cell subsets is critical for managing allograft rejection.
  • Regulatory T cells offer potential therapeutic targets for promoting transplantation tolerance.