Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic factors, steric factors also account...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How Spontaneous Electrowetting and Surface Charge Affect Drop Motion.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Bottom-up synthesis of molecular nanodiamond from nanographene.

Nature·2026
Same author

Single-Step Phytate Flame-Retardant Coatings for Cotton, Polyester and Cotton/Polyester Blends.

Polymers·2026
Same author

High-Strength 3D-Ordered Ceramic-Gel Composite Electrolytes Enable Highly Stable Sodium Metal Batteries at - 20 to 60 °C.

Nano-micro letters·2026
Same author

Stood-up drop to determine receding contact angles.

Soft matter·2025
Same author

Bis(2-amino-5-thienyl)Ketone as Oxygen Tolerant Sensitizer for Conventional Radical Photopolymerization.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
10:16

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

Redox active polymer brushes with phenothiazine moieties.

Ali A Golriz1, Tassilo Kaule, Maria B Untch

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed redox active polymer brushes using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). This method creates well-defined grafted polymer brushes with phenothiazine moieties, enhancing nanoscale mechanical stability.

More Related Videos

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation
08:41

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation

Published on: October 10, 2018

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
10:16

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation
08:41

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation

Published on: October 10, 2018

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
09:12

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) enables the synthesis of well-defined polymer brushes.
  • Redox-active polymer brushes are crucial for various electrochemical applications.
  • Phenothiazine moieties are effective redox-active groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize redox-active polymer brushes using two distinct SI-ATRP strategies.
  • To incorporate phenothiazine moieties into polymer brushes for redox activity.
  • To characterize the electrochemical and mechanical properties of the synthesized brushes.

Main Methods:

  • Surface functionalization with a self-assembling monolayer of SI-ATRP initiator.
  • Grafting polymer brushes with pendant phenothiazine groups via SI-ATRP.
  • Post-polymerization functionalization of activated ester brushes with phenothiazine groups.
  • Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry.
  • Surface characterization via scanning force microscopy (SFM), X-ray techniques, and UV/vis spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Two successful concepts for synthesizing redox-active polymer brushes were demonstrated.
  • The synthesized brushes exhibited distinct electrochemical properties.
  • Surface morphology and chemical composition were thoroughly characterized.
  • The polymer brushes showed enhanced mechanical stability at the nanoscale.

Conclusions:

  • SI-ATRP is a versatile technique for creating redox-active polymer brushes.
  • The two presented concepts offer different routes for incorporating redox functionality.
  • The synthesized materials possess desirable electrochemical and mechanical properties for advanced applications.