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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or inconsistent. For...
Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
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Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children from...
Bullying02:04

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A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.

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Published on: July 31, 2017

Do preschool programs affect social disadvantage? What social workers should know.

Robert Herman-Smith1

  • 1Department of Social Work, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28105, USA. bherman@uncc.edu

Social Work
|February 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Early childhood education programs can significantly improve school readiness for low-income children. Investing in these programs benefits children

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Published on: September 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Early Childhood Education
  • Social Work
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Children from lower-income families often start elementary school behind their peers academically.
  • Early academic deficits are linked to long-term social and economic challenges.
  • Publicly funded preschool programs are expanding to address these disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the outcomes of preschool intervention programs.
  • To discuss the implications of this research for social work.
  • To inform policy advocates and practitioners.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of outcomes research on preschool intervention programs.
  • Analysis of the impact of early childhood education on school readiness.
  • Examination of social work's role in preschool settings.

Main Results:

  • Preschool interventions demonstrate positive effects on school readiness skills.
  • Evidence supports the efficacy of early childhood education in mitigating early academic gaps.
  • Social work involvement in preschool programs is currently minimal but has potential.

Conclusions:

  • Preschool programs are a vital tool for improving outcomes for disadvantaged children.
  • Social workers can play a crucial role in advocating for and implementing effective preschool interventions.
  • Policy and practice should integrate social work expertise to maximize program impact.