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Updated: May 14, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

Delirium: past, present, and future.

R Ryan Field1, Michael H Wall

  • 1University of California-Irvine Health, Orange, CA, USA.

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
|February 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delirium, a form of acute brain dysfunction, affects millions annually, costing billions. While largely preventable and treatable with multimodal interventions, its long-term impact on cognitive decline remains a concern.

Keywords:
currentdeliriummanagementreviewtreatment

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
08:29

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Published on: December 18, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Neuroscience
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Delirium, a clinical problem for over 2500 years, represents acute brain organ dysfunction.
  • It affects 12.5 million patients annually, incurring costs of $152 billion.
  • Up to 80% of mechanically ventilated patients experience delirium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of delirium, including its definition, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight the significant impact of delirium on patient outcomes and healthcare costs.
  • To discuss the ongoing challenges and future directions in delirium research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on delirium.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and economic impact.
  • Discussion of current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Delirium is a complex condition with multifactorial causes, including baseline pathology, medications, and inflammation.
  • Prevention through planning and subgroup identification is crucial.
  • Protocolized multimodal intervention is the current best practice for management.
  • Pharmacotherapy is reserved for specific situations, with observation preferred over mechanical restraint.

Conclusions:

  • Delirium is a significant and costly public health issue, particularly in an aging and increasingly frail population.
  • While largely preventable and manageable, its contribution to long-term cognitive decline warrants further investigation.
  • Continued research is essential to improve the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of delirium to mitigate its impact on morbidity and mortality.