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Patrizio E Tressoldi1, David Giofré, Francesco Sella

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High-impact journals like Nature and Science often use Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) alone. Other journals, regardless of impact factor, more frequently report confidence intervals and effect sizes, suggesting editorial policies improve statistical practices.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Prevalence of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) in high-impact factor journals.
  • Variations in statistical reporting practices across different journal impact factors.
  • The role of editorial policies in shaping statistical methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare statistical practices in high-impact journals versus lower-impact journals.
  • To investigate the influence of editorial policies on the use of NHST, confidence intervals, and effect sizes.
  • To assess the adoption of advanced statistical methods beyond NHST.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of articles published in 2011 across seven journals (Science, Nature, NEJM, Lancet, Neuropsychology, JEP-Applied, AJPH).
  • Categorization of journals into high and relatively lower impact factor groups.
  • Examination of statistical reporting, including NHST, confidence intervals, effect size, prospective power, and model estimation.

Main Results:

  • Nature (89%) and Science (42%) predominantly used NHST without confidence intervals or effect sizes.
  • Most articles in other high and lower impact factor journals reported confidence intervals and/or effect sizes.
  • Significant differences in statistical reporting were observed between top-tier journals and others.

Conclusions:

  • Editorial policies appear to be a key factor in promoting better statistical reporting practices.
  • Journals with strong editorial guidelines encourage the use of confidence intervals and effect sizes over sole reliance on NHST.
  • Implementing and enforcing editorial policies can effectively enhance the quality of statistical reporting across scientific publications.