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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
11:44

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Published on: September 18, 2014

Nucleic acid driven sterile inflammation.

Andrea Ablasser1, Carola Hertrich, Ruth Waßermann

  • 1Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Unit for Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany.

Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
|February 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Innate immune receptors, sensing microbial nucleic acids (NAs), can trigger sterile inflammatory diseases. This review explores how these receptors contribute to pathogenesis in various disease models.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sterile inflammatory conditions arise from complex genetic, environmental, and stochastic factors.
  • Innate immune receptors, initially known for pathogen detection, are increasingly implicated in disease pathogenesis.
  • These receptors recognize conserved microbial patterns, including nucleic acids (NAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the role of innate immune receptors in sterile inflammation.
  • To elucidate mechanisms by which nucleic acid sensing contributes to disease.
  • To discuss established disease models illustrating these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established disease models.
  • Analysis of recent findings in immunology and molecular biology.
  • Focus on innate immune receptor signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Innate immune receptors recognizing microbial nucleic acids (NAs) can drive or exacerbate sterile inflammatory conditions.
  • The sensing of DNA and RNA by innate sensors, while crucial for pathogen detection, can lead to inappropriate self-responses.
  • These inappropriate responses significantly contribute to the manifestation of sterile inflammatory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Innate immune receptors play a critical role in the pathogenesis of sterile inflammatory diseases.
  • Understanding NA sensing by innate immunity is key to developing targeted therapies.
  • Further research in disease models will illuminate therapeutic strategies for sterile inflammation.