Retrospective evaluation of a new neonatal trigger score

To design and validate an objective clinical scoring system to identify unwell neonates, by using routinely collected bedside observations.

A Neonatal Trigger Score (NTS) was designed by using local expert consensus and incorporated into a new observation chart. All neonates >35 weeks' gestation admitted to the NICU over an 18-month period, and an age-matched "well" cohort, were retrospectively scored by using the newly constructed NTS and all established pediatric early warning system (PEWS) scores.

Scores were calculated for 485 neonates. The NTS score area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.924 with a score of 2 or more predicting need for admission to the NICU with 77% sensitivity and 97% specificity. Neonates scoring ≥2 had increased odds of needing intensive care (odds ratio [OR] 48.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 27.5-86.3), intravenous fluids (OR 48.1, 95% CI 23.9-96.9), and continuous positive airway pressure (OR 29.5, 95% CI 6.9-125.8). The NTS was more sensitive than currently established PEWS scores.

The NTS observation chart acts as an adjunct to clinical assessment, highlighting unwell neonates. Its simplicity allows successful and safe use by nonpediatric specialists. NTS out-performed PEWS, with significantly better sensitivity, particularly in neonates who deteriorated within the first 12 hours after birth (P < .001) or in neonates with sepsis or respiratory symptoms (P < .001). Neonates with a score of 1 should be reviewed and those scoring ≥2 should be considered for NICU admission for further management.