Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 14, 2026
08:44
Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate
Published on: February 23, 2016
Low-potential sodium insertion in a NASICON-type structure through the Ti(III)/Ti(II) redox couple.
P Senguttuvan1, G Rousse, M E Arroyo y de Dompablo
1Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), ALISTORE ERI European Research Institute, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 21, 2013
Summary
Researchers synthesized Na3Ti2(PO4)3 for sodium-ion batteries. This material shows low-potential performance and enables full-titanium cells operating at 1.7 V, demonstrating its viability as both anode and cathode.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Solid-State Chemistry
Background:
- Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance of sodium.
- Developing cost-effective and high-performance electrode materials is crucial for advancing SIB technology.
- Titanium-based compounds, particularly those with NASICON structures, offer potential for low-voltage applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report the direct synthesis of Na3Ti2(PO4)3 powder.
- To investigate its electrochemical performance at low potentials.
- To elucidate the crystal structures of its reduced and oxidized phases.
Main Methods:
- Direct synthesis of Na3Ti2(PO4)3 powder.
- Electrochemical testing to evaluate performance.
- X-ray diffraction and first-principles calculations (density functional theory) for crystal structure and electrochemical insights.
Main Results:
- Successful synthesis of Na3Ti2(PO4)3.
- Demonstrated low-potential electrochemical performance.
- Elucidated crystal structures of reduced and oxidized phases, providing insight into Ti(IV)/Ti(III) and Ti(III)/Ti(II) redox couples.
Conclusions:
- Na3Ti2(PO4)3 is a viable material for sodium-ion battery electrodes.
- The study validates the concept of full-titanium-based SIBs.
- Symmetric cells using Na3Ti2(PO4)3 as both electrodes operate effectively at an average potential of 1.7 V.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
03:45Formation of Complex Ions
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
01:21Redox Titration: Overview
Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...
02:48Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
02:42Valence Bond Theory
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
01:26Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents
Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
02:34Structural Isomerism
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...