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Updated: May 14, 2026

Precise Electrochemical Sizing of Individual Electro-Inactive Particles
Published on: August 4, 2023
Submicroliter electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry using standard electrodes and a polymer electrolyte salt
Paul A Flowers1, David A Blake
1Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina 28372-1510, United States. paul.flowers@uncp.edu
Abstract:
The development of spectroscopic and electrochemical devices that can accommodate very small samples is of considerable importance to many areas of science and technology. We report here on the design and characteristics of a simple apparatus for the electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical analysis of submicroliter aqueous samples. The device is easily assembled from common laboratory materials and equipment, utilizing a bifurcated fiber-optic probe, standard disk electrodes of millimeter dimensions, and a polymer electrolyte film salt bridge to enable the analysis of nanoliter-scale sample volumes in a thin-layer configuration. Excellent performance has been demonstrated via measurements on aqueous ferricyanide solutions using sample volumes as low as 20 nL.
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