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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
07:10

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: March 6, 2026

Olecranon fractures.

Nicolai Baecher1, Scott Edwards

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|February 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical treatment for olecranon fractures yields good results. This review covers anatomy, fracture types, fixation methods, and outcomes for upper extremity injuries.

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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
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Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft
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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Olecranon fractures are frequent upper extremity injuries.
  • Surgical intervention is the predominant treatment modality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and evidence for olecranon fracture treatment.
  • To guide surgical decision-making by examining fixation options and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of relevant anatomy, fracture patterns, fixation techniques, and clinical outcomes.
  • Synthesis of available evidence on surgical management of olecranon fractures.

Main Results:

  • While various fixation techniques exist, comparative clinical research is limited.
  • Good overall outcomes are generally achieved with surgical management.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical treatment is effective for olecranon fractures.
  • Further comparative research is needed to optimize fixation technique selection.