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Updated: May 14, 2026

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

La Niña forces unprecedented Leeuwin Current warming in 2011.

Ming Feng¹, Michael J McPhaden, Shang-Ping Xie

¹CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia. ming.feng@csiro.au

Scientific Reports

|February 23, 2013

Summary

An extreme marine heatwave off Western Australia, dubbed "Ningaloo Niño", was driven by a surge in the Leeuwin Current. This event highlights the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems.

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Incremental Temperature Changes for Maximal Breeding and Spawning in Astyanax mexicanus

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Published on: February 14, 2021

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

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Published on: March 31, 2023

Incremental Temperature Changes for Maximal Breeding and Spawning in Astyanax mexicanus

Incremental Temperature Changes for Maximal Breeding and Spawning in Astyanax mexicanus

Published on: February 14, 2021

Area of Science:

Marine heatwaves
Oceanography
Climate science

Background:

Unprecedented sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies occurred off Western Australia in Feb-Mar 2011.
Peak SST reached 5°C above normal, causing significant coral bleaching and fish kills.
This extreme event, termed "Ningaloo Niño", necessitates understanding its climatic drivers for future predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the climatic drivers of the 2011 Ningaloo Niño marine heatwave.
To assess the role of the Leeuwin Current in the extreme warming event.
To understand the influence of global warming on such phenomena.

Main Methods:

Analysis of observational data.
Utilisation of numerical oceanographic models.
Investigation of oceanic and atmospheric teleconnections.

Main Results:

The extreme warming was primarily caused by an intensified, poleward-flowing Leeuwin Current.
Anomalously warm water was transported southward along the coast by the current.
The Leeuwin Current's surge was linked to the 2010-2011 La Niña event.

Conclusions:

The Ningaloo Niño was driven by remote forcing from La Niña via teleconnections.
Multi-decadal Pacific trends and Indian Ocean variations amplified the warming.
Understanding these drivers is critical for predicting future marine heatwaves under climate change.