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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This diversity of cadherins...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Chemical Bath Deposition of Bis(thiourea) Cadmium Chloride Crystals and the Subsequent CdS Obtention
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Published on: August 30, 2018

Solid state structures of cadmium complexes with relevance for biological systems.

Rosa Carballo1, Alfonso Castiñeiras, Alicia Domínguez-Martín

  • 1Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.

Metal Ions in Life Sciences
|February 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This review covers X-ray diffraction studies of cadmium(II) complexes with biologically relevant ligands. It details structural information, coordination modes, and intermolecular interactions for N-donor, carboxylate, and S-donor ligands.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Cadmium(II) complexes with biologically relevant ligands are of interest due to potential applications.
  • Understanding the structural properties of these complexes is crucial for their development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on structural information of cadmium(II) complexes.
  • To analyze crystal structures determined by X-ray diffractometry.
  • To focus on complexes with ligands of potential biological interest.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of X-ray diffractometry studies.
  • Analysis of crystal and molecular structures.
  • Categorization of ligands based on donor atoms (N, carboxylate, S).

Main Results:

  • Detailed structural information for cadmium(II) complexes with N-donor (purines, pyrimidines), carboxylate (amino acids, vitamins, EDTA), and S-donor (thiols, dithiocarbamates) ligands.
  • Characterization of ligand coordination modes and cadmium coordination environments.
  • Identification of significant intermolecular interactions in select complexes.

Conclusions:

  • X-ray diffractometry provides valuable structural insights into cadmium(II) complexes with biologically relevant ligands.
  • The diverse ligand classes exhibit varied coordination behaviors and intermolecular interactions.
  • This structural knowledge is foundational for exploring potential biological activities and applications.