Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

A charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry if the charge density depends only upon the distance from the axis of the cylinder and does not vary along the axis or with the direction about the axis. In other words, if a system varies if it is rotated around the axis or shifted along the axis, it does not have cylindrical symmetry. In real systems, we do not have infinite cylinders; however, if the cylindrical object is considerably longer than the radius from it that we are interested in,...

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:

Symmetry Elements in a Crystal

Symmetry Elements in a Crystal

Crystal symmetry operations are isometric transformations that map objects onto indistinguishable copies while preserving distances, angles, and volumes. The simplest symmetry operation is translation, which shifts the entire infinite crystal lattice parallelly by a translation vector.Crystallographic rotations involve rotations by an angle of 2π/n around an axis without changing the positions of points on the axis. It is called the rotational axis of the symmetry, denoted by n. The combination...

Symmetry

Symmetry

The equation of an ellipse centered at the origin defines all points whose distances from the center maintain a constant ratio between the horizontal and vertical axes. This equation results in a smooth, closed curve that extends further along the x-axis than the y-axis, giving it a horizontal orientation. Such an ellipse demonstrates three kinds of symmetry: across the x-axis, across the y-axis, and about the origin. These symmetries are essential in understanding the graph's structure and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Holographic Constraint on Scale Separation.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Condensates, Crystals, and Renormalons in the Gross-Neveu Model at Finite Density.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Large N Partition Functions, Holography, and Black Holes.

Physical review letters·2022

Same author

Unreasonable Effectiveness of Higher Derivative Supergravity in AdS_{4} Holography.

Physical review letters·2020

Same author

Conformality Loss, Walking, and 4D Complex Conformal Field Theories at Weak Coupling.

Physical review letters·2020

Same author

Bootstrapping the Three Dimensional Supersymmetric Ising Model.

Physical review letters·2015

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Exact two-dimensional superconformal R symmetry and c extremization.

Francesco Benini¹, Nikolay Bobev

¹Simons Center for Geometry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3636, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|February 26, 2013

Summary

We discovered c-extremization, a principle that precisely defines R symmetry in 2D unitary superconformal field theories with N=(0,2) supersymmetry. This method aids in constructing gravity duals for specific superconformal theories.

More Related Videos

Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Synaptonemal Complex Within the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline

Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Synaptonemal Complex Within the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline

Published on: September 13, 2022

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Synaptonemal Complex Within the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline

Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Synaptonemal Complex Within the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline

Published on: September 13, 2022

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Area of Science:

Theoretical Physics
Quantum Field Theory
String Theory

Background:

Superconformal field theories (SCFTs) are crucial in understanding quantum field theories and string theory.
Determining the R symmetry of SCFTs is essential for their classification and analysis.
Two-dimensional (2D) SCFTs with N=(0,2) supersymmetry present unique challenges in theoretical physics.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and establish the principle of c-extremization.
To demonstrate how c-extremization determines the exact R symmetry of 2D unitary SCFTs with N=(0,2) supersymmetry.
To explore the utility of c-extremization in constructing gravity duals.

Main Methods:

Developing the general principle of c-extremization.
Applying c-extremization to 2D unitary SCFTs with N=(0,2) supersymmetry.
Studying superconformal theories from twisted compactifications of 4D N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory on Riemann surfaces.
Constructing gravity duals for these theories.

Main Results:

A general principle, c-extremization, is uncovered.
C-extremization precisely determines the R symmetry of 2D unitary N=(0,2) SCFTs.
The study successfully applies c-extremization to specific SCFTs derived from compactifications.
Gravity duals for these theories are constructed.

Conclusions:

C-extremization provides a powerful tool for analyzing 2D superconformal field theories.
The principle offers a method for determining R symmetry, a key characteristic of these theories.
The findings facilitate the construction of gravity duals, bridging gauge theories and gravity.