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Conformality Loss, Walking, and 4D Complex Conformal Field Theories at Weak Coupling.

Francesco Benini1,2, Cristoforo Iossa1,3, Marco Serone1,2

  • 1SISSA, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Trieste, via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy.

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|February 22, 2020
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Researchers discovered 4D gauge theories exhibiting walking dynamics. This phenomenon, controlled by a double-trace operator, leads to a phase transition and a dilatonlike scalar particle, offering insights into conformal field theories.

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Area of Science:

  • High-energy physics
  • Quantum field theory
  • String theory

Background:

  • Four-dimensional gauge theories with matter can exhibit conformal windows, leading to nontrivial conformal field theories in the infrared.
  • Conformality loss has been conjectured to arise from merging fixed points in the complex plane, potentially inducing walking dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct and analyze 4D gauge theories that explicitly realize the conjectured scenario of conformality loss and walking dynamics.
  • To investigate the control mechanism and consequences of this walking dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of controlled, parametrically weakly coupled, and ultraviolet-complete 4D gauge theories.
  • Analysis of the role of a double-trace operator coupling that crosses marginality.
  • Study of the renormalization group flow and its endpoint.

Main Results:

  • Explicit realization of a scenario where conformality is lost due to merging complex fixed points, leading to walking dynamics.
  • Demonstration that walking dynamics is governed by the coupling of a double-trace operator crossing marginality.
  • Identification of a weak first-order phase transition with Coleman-Weinberg symmetry breaking as the endpoint of the walking regime.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a concrete model for walking dynamics in 4D gauge theories.
  • A light dilatonlike scalar particle appears in the spectrum, though not parametrically light.
  • The findings offer a new perspective on the behavior of gauge theories in specific parameter regimes.