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Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
Bias01:22

Bias

Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?

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Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

The evidence-based paradox.

Jim Hinojosa1

  • 1Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA. Jh9@nyu.edu

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy : Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association
|February 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Occupational therapy practitioners should critically examine the unquestioned adoption of evidence-based practice (EBP). This approach may challenge the profession's theoretical foundations and practice paradigms.

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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Occupational therapy
  • Evidence-based practice (EBP)

Background:

  • Occupational therapy (OT) practitioners widely view evidence-based practice (EBP) as crucial for validating services and professional legitimacy.
  • Unquestioned acceptance of EBP as the sole guiding paradigm for practice and research is a point of concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the concept of evidence-based practice (EBP) within occupational therapy.
  • To explore criticisms and concerns regarding EBP from other professional fields.
  • To examine the potential implications of adopting EBP at the expense of theory-directed practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of evidence-based practice (EBP).
  • Analysis of criticisms from various professions regarding EBP.
  • Examination of the theoretical underpinnings of occupational therapy practice.

Main Results:

  • The article highlights concerns about the uncritical adoption of EBP in occupational therapy.
  • Criticisms from other professions suggest potential limitations of EBP.
  • The shift towards EBP may overshadow theory-driven approaches in occupational therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Occupational therapy practitioners should engage in critical discourse regarding the role and implications of EBP.
  • Rethinking the exclusive reliance on EBP is necessary to ensure a balanced approach to practice and research.
  • Maintaining a strong theoretical foundation is vital for the continued development and legitimacy of occupational therapy.