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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Published on: July 19, 2019
Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Self-Efficacy in People With Multiple Sclerosis: The Community Reintegration
J Tamar Kalina1, Jim Hinojosa2, Lauren Strober3
1J. Tamar Kalina, PhD, MSCS, OTR/L, is Medical Science Liaison, Biogen Idec, Weston, MA. At the time of the study, she was Director of Rehabilitation Services, Senior Manager Rehabilitation and Research, and Assistant Professor in Neurology, New York University, New York, NY; tamar.kalina@gmail.com.
Objective:
We examined the efficacy of a 12-wk educational socialization program, Community Reintegration for Socially Isolated Patients (CRISP), in improving self-efficacy for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). We also examined whether participants in the experimental group with increased self-efficacy experienced reduced loneliness and depression.
Method:
This randomized controlled group design included 91 participants with MS (experimental group, n = 51; control group, n = 40). Participants were between ages 20 and 68 yr, and the majority experienced a relapsing-remitting MS course (86%) and mild to moderate disability. Participants completed baseline and posttreatment assessments, including questionnaires assessing self-efficacy, loneliness, and depression.
Results:
Experimental group participants significantly improved in self-efficacy compared with control group participants. Experimental group participants who demonstrated improved self-efficacy reported reduced perceptions of loneliness but not depressive symptoms.
Conclusion:
CRISP is a promising intervention to improve self-efficacy for people with MS. However, results need to be treated with caution given the study's limitations.
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