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Evidence-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: An Updated Systematic Review 2016 to
Yael Goverover1, Silvana L Costa2, Victor W Mark3
1Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York, NY; Center for Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
|May 26, 2026
Summary
Cognitive rehabilitation (CR) for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) shows increasing research, but more high-quality studies are needed. Future research should focus on long-term effectiveness and real-world functional improvements for persons with MS.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Rehabilitation Medicine
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Cognitive impairment is a significant challenge for persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS).
- Cognitive rehabilitation (CR) aims to improve cognitive functions affected by MS.
- Prior reviews have synthesized evidence, necessitating an updated synthesis of recent research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize evidence on CR interventions for PwMS published from 2016 to 2024.
- To identify effective CR treatments and guide future research directions.
- To extend prior reviews by incorporating the latest findings in the field.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive database searches (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Global Health) using relevant keywords and MeSH terms.
- Screening of over 10,000 articles, with 67 studies providing original data after detailed review.
- Data extraction on study design, participant characteristics, interventions, cognitive domains, and outcomes, with evidence levels determined by American Academy of Neurology criteria.
Main Results:
- The review included 7 class I, 30 class II, 18 class III, and 12 class IV studies.
- Five interventions supported a practice standard, five supported practice guidelines, and 17 practice options received support.
- Evidence synthesis indicates progress but highlights the need for more rigorous research designs.
Conclusions:
- Research in CR for MS continues to grow.
- Further methodologically rigorous studies, particularly Class I evidence, are needed to support specific treatment strategies.
- Longitudinal research is crucial to understand long-term effectiveness and the translation of CR gains to functional, real-world activities for PwMS.
