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Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Targeted therapy in thyroid cancer.

Iain J Nixon¹, Ashok R Shaha, Michael R Tuttle

¹Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery

|February 26, 2013

Summary

Targeted therapies show promise for advanced thyroid cancer, improving quality of life for patients with inoperable disease. While effective, side effects necessitate careful application outside of incurable cases.

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Published on: April 17, 2013

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology

Background:

Thyroid cancer understanding has advanced, revealing molecular changes in cancer cells.
These molecular alterations are key targets for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current landscape of targeted therapies for advanced, inoperable thyroid cancers.
To summarize the efficacy and side effect profiles of these treatments.

Main Methods:

Review of recent clinical studies and preclinical investigations.
Analysis of targeted therapy agents including kinase inhibitors.

Main Results:

Promising results for differentiated thyroid cancer with sorafenib, selumetinib, pazopanib, and sunitinib.
Vandetanib FDA-approved for advanced medullary thyroid cancer; other agents show activity.
Limited success for anaplastic thyroid cancer targeted therapies in vivo, though preclinical data is promising.
Significant side effects (cardiac, GI, skin) reported for all therapies, impacting applicability.

Conclusions:

Inoperable thyroid cancer prognosis remains poor.
Targeted therapies offer potential for improved quality of life in select patients.
Careful management of side effects is crucial for treatment success.