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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...

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Auditory cortex is implicated in tinnitus distress: a voxel-based morphometry study.

Martin Schecklmann1, Astrid Lehner, Timm B Poeppl

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. martin.schecklmann@medbo.de

Brain Structure & Function
|February 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tinnitus distress correlates with reduced grey matter volume in auditory brain areas. This finding in two large patient samples suggests altered auditory cortex structure impacts tinnitus-related distress.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience

Background:

  • Tinnitus involves widespread neural networks affecting perception, attention, memory, and emotion.
  • Tinnitus distress is linked to changes in non-auditory cortical areas, but auditory cortex involvement is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between tinnitus characteristics and grey matter volume in patients.
  • To determine if auditory cortex structure is associated with tinnitus distress.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on two independent samples of tinnitus patients (n=257 and n=78).
  • Employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to analyze grey matter volume.
  • Controlled for confounders including age, gender, and audiometric parameters.

Main Results:

  • A negative correlation was found between tinnitus distress and grey matter volume in bilateral auditory areas (Heschl's gyrus, insula) in both samples.
  • Higher tinnitus distress was associated with lower grey matter volume in these auditory regions.
  • These small but stable effects were consistent across both patient cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • The auditory cortex plays a role in tinnitus beyond mere perception, influencing emotional distress.
  • Grey matter alterations in the auditory cortex may underlie tinnitus-related distress.
  • Findings suggest a potential interplay between perceptual and distress networks within the auditory system.