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Related Concept Videos

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
Precipitation Processes01:12

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients, maintaining...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
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Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Wicking Tests for Unidirectional Fabrics: Measurements of Capillary Parameters to Evaluate Capillary Pressure in Liquid Composite Molding Processes
07:06

Wicking Tests for Unidirectional Fabrics: Measurements of Capillary Parameters to Evaluate Capillary Pressure in Liquid Composite Molding Processes

Published on: January 27, 2017

Wicking in a powder.

P S Raux1, H Cockenpot, M Ramaioli

  • 1PMMH, UMR 7636 du CNRS, ESPCI, 75005 Paris, France.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|February 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wetting granular media requires a critical contact angle around 55°, less than for tubes. Polydispersity and pressure further influence this spontaneous liquid impregnation.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Wicking, or spontaneous liquid uptake, is crucial in porous materials.
  • Understanding liquid penetration in granular media is essential for various applications.
  • Previous studies often focused on simpler geometries like tubes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of wicking in granular media.
  • To determine the critical contact angle for spontaneous liquid impregnation in granular layers.
  • To analyze the influence of polydispersity and pressure on wetting transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of liquid behavior at the surface of granular layers.
  • Modeling wicking in monodisperse and polydisperse granular systems.
  • Investigating the role of contact angle and external pressure.

Main Results:

  • The critical contact angle for monodisperse granular layers is approximately 55°.
  • This critical angle is significantly lower than the 90° threshold for tube penetration.
  • Polydispersity and applied pressure were found to alter the critical contact angle.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid impregnation in granular media is geometrically more challenging than in tubes.
  • The critical contact angle is a key parameter governing spontaneous wetting in granular systems.
  • Wetting behavior in granular media is sensitive to particle size distribution and external pressure.