Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Studying Early Life Live-Attenuated influenza virus immune Responses (STELLAR): study protocol for an exploratory observational study of the nasal mucosal and systemic immune response in healthy children given an intranasal live-attenuated influenza vaccine.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Host-microbial interactions at the nasal mucosa in young children and adults: A retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Effect of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on experimental carriage at 1-year post-vaccination on rechallenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B in Blantyre, Malawi: a controlled human infection study and longitudinal follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.

The Lancet. Microbe·2026
Same author

Disease-Attenuated Pneumococcal Biosynthesis Gene Mutants Invade the Mucosal Epithelium and Induce Innate Immunity.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Correction: Long non-coding RNAs in response to Ebola virus vaccine-induced immunity.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Long non-coding RNAs in response to Ebola virus vaccine-induced immunity.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Reliability of A Vibration-Based Elastography Protocol For Assessing Achilles Tendon Stiffness Across Multiple Joint Angles In Elite Athletes.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same journal

Associations of Inflammatory and Coagulation Biomarkers with Kidney Injury Across Chronic and Acute Clinical Settings.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same journal

Intelligent Recommender Systems for Chinese Super League Fan Consumption Behavior Prediction.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same journal

A Battery of Quantitative Binocular Vision Tests for Adults: Testing Protocols.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same journal

Efficacy Analysis of Paiteling in Treating Persistent High-Risk Human Papillomavirus after Cervical Cancer Surgery.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same journal

Clinical Efficacy of Tissue-Bone Homeostasis Manipulation on Soft Tissue Balance and Function in Knee Osteoarthritis.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
07:47

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

Experimental human pneumococcal carriage.

Jenna F Gritzfeld1, Angie D Wright, Andrea M Collins

  • 1Respiratory Infection Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. j.gritzfeld@liv.ac.uk

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|February 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new experimental human pneumococcal carriage (EHPC) model safely induces Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization. This platform will accelerate the development of novel vaccines targeting pneumococcal carriage and invasive disease.

More Related Videos

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae
09:12

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Published on: January 17, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
07:47

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae
09:12

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Published on: January 17, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage is key to transmission and invasive disease.
  • Current vaccines protect against invasive disease but not carriage, and face serotype replacement.
  • Novel vaccines are needed to prevent pneumococcal carriage and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a safe, reproducible experimental human pneumococcal carriage (EHPC) platform.
  • Utilize EHPC to down-select candidate pneumococcal vaccines.
  • Establish carriage prevention as a surrogate for vaccine-induced immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Inoculation of volunteers with standardized S. pneumoniae.
  • Rigorous volunteer screening and safety monitoring by an independent committee.
  • Optimized nasal wash protocol for sensitive carriage detection.

Main Results:

  • The EHPC protocol has been safely administered to over 100 volunteers.
  • Ongoing dose-ranging studies aim to achieve 50% carriage rates.
  • A 50% carriage rate will enhance sensitivity for vaccine efficacy studies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed EHPC platform is safe and reproducible.
  • This model will facilitate the evaluation of novel pneumococcal vaccines.
  • EHPC is a valuable tool for understanding pneumococcal immunity and vaccine efficacy.