Current devices for pediatric extracorporeal life support and mechanical circulatory support systems in the United...

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Cardiology
• Cardiovascular Surgery
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) are critical interventions for pediatric patients with congenital heart defects experiencing heart or lung failure.
• These support systems serve as crucial bridges to recovery, transplantation, destination therapy, or long-term mechanical support.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and discuss the currently available devices for pediatric ECLS and MCS in the United States.
• To highlight the importance of appropriate device selection and cannulation strategies in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current ECLS and MCS devices used in pediatric care.
• Discussion of device selection criteria based on patient condition and support type (e.g., V-A ECMO, V-V ECMO, uni-/biventricular MCS).

Main Results:

• Various ECLS and MCS devices are available for pediatric use, offering tailored support for different failure types.
• Careful consideration of patient size, access sites, cannulation, and equipment (tubing, oxygenator, pump) is essential for optimal outcomes.
• Proper device selection minimizes injury and facilitates early support, reducing device-related complications.

Conclusions:

• The appropriate selection and application of ECLS and MCS devices are paramount for successful management of pediatric heart and lung failure.
• Optimizing device characteristics and cannulation techniques improves patient outcomes and reduces morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.