Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Corrigendum to "A retrospective cohort study to examine the association between the persistence of abdominal pain after cholecystectomy and ejection fraction on HIDA scan in patients with biliary dyskinesia" [iLIVER 2 (2023) 208-213].

iLIVER·2026
Same author

A retrospective cohort study to examine the association between the persistence of abdominal pain after cholecystectomy and ejection fraction on HIDA scan in patients with biliary dyskinesia.

iLIVER·2025
Same author

Relevance of Procalcitonin Levels as a Marker of Severity and Predictor of Mortality, Initiation and Duration of Antibiotics in Patients Admitted with Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Clinical and experimental gastroenterology·2024
Same author

Triethyl phosphine decorated cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibit selective killing of the unicellular protozoan parasite <i>Leishmania donovani</i>.

3 Biotech·2023
Same author

Perspectives on uterine transplantation.

Medical journal, Armed Forces India·2023
Same author

Brønsted Acid-Mediated Multicomponent One-Pot Approach to Direct Construction of 4-Aryl-hydrocoumarin Derivatives.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Rearing and Injection of Manduca sexta Larvae to Assess Bacterial Virulence
09:04

Rearing and Injection of Manduca sexta Larvae to Assess Bacterial Virulence

Published on: December 11, 2012

Insect bite reactions.

Sanjay Singh1, Baldeep Kaur Mann

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|February 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details medically significant insects, their bite reactions, and epidemiology, focusing on India. It covers clinical presentations, hypersensitivity, and treatments for conditions like papular urticaria and pediculosis capitis.

More Related Videos

Topical Application Bioassay to Quantify Insecticide Toxicity for Mosquitoes and Fruit Flies
09:37

Topical Application Bioassay to Quantify Insecticide Toxicity for Mosquitoes and Fruit Flies

Published on: January 19, 2022

A Method for Evaluating Insecticide Efficacy against Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius, Eggs and First Instars
06:04

A Method for Evaluating Insecticide Efficacy against Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius, Eggs and First Instars

Published on: March 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Rearing and Injection of Manduca sexta Larvae to Assess Bacterial Virulence
09:04

Rearing and Injection of Manduca sexta Larvae to Assess Bacterial Virulence

Published on: December 11, 2012

Topical Application Bioassay to Quantify Insecticide Toxicity for Mosquitoes and Fruit Flies
09:37

Topical Application Bioassay to Quantify Insecticide Toxicity for Mosquitoes and Fruit Flies

Published on: January 19, 2022

A Method for Evaluating Insecticide Efficacy against Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius, Eggs and First Instars
06:04

A Method for Evaluating Insecticide Efficacy against Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius, Eggs and First Instars

Published on: March 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Dermatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Insect bite reactions are common in clinical practice, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of medically important species.
  • Limited epidemiological data exists for insect bites in India, highlighting a gap in public health knowledge.
  • Individual susceptibility to insect bites varies, influenced by numerous factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review medically important insects, their classification, and the epidemiology of insect bites, particularly in India.
  • To discuss the clinical manifestations of various insect bites and hypersensitivity reactions.
  • To summarize recent advancements in the treatment of pediculosis capitis and insect bite management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of medically important insects, insect bite reactions, and epidemiology.
  • Discussion of clinical features associated with bites from mosquitoes, bed bugs, fleas, flies, midges, and thrips.
  • Summary of evidence on hypersensitivity reactions, treatment efficacy (including spinosad, benzyl alcohol, dimethicone), and insecticide resistance (kdr gene).

Main Results:

  • Detailed descriptions of clinical presentations for numerous insect bites, including mosquito bites, bed bugs, and flies.
  • Exploration of hypersensitivity syndromes like Skeeter syndrome and papular urticaria, with insights into their pathogenesis.
  • Evaluation of new treatments for head lice, addressing efficacy, resistance mechanisms, and non-chemical alternatives.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive overview of medically relevant insects and their associated dermatological conditions is presented.
  • Current treatment strategies for pediculosis capitis show promise, though insecticide resistance remains a concern.
  • Prevention of insect bites and awareness of adverse effects from insect-repelling products are crucial for public health.