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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts

Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts

Published on: March 26, 2015

Alloplastic bypass material below the knee: actual rationale.

E S Debus¹, A Larena-Avellaneda, F Heimlich

¹Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center, University Clinics of Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany. s.debus@uke.de

The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

|February 28, 2013

Summary

The greater saphenous vein is superior for below-knee bypass grafts. Synthetic grafts are a viable alternative for select patients, particularly those without prior interventions and with coronary heart disease.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts

Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts

Published on: March 26, 2015

Area of Science:

Vascular Surgery
Biomaterials Science

Background:

The greater saphenous vein is the preferred autograft for below-knee bypass.
Synthetic grafts (polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester) are used when autografts are unavailable.
Analysis of outcomes for below-knee synthetic bypass grafts is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the outcomes of greater saphenous vein versus synthetic grafts for below-knee bypass.
To identify factors influencing the success of below-knee synthetic bypass grafts.

Main Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 533 patients undergoing their first below-knee bypass.
Kaplan-Meier analysis compared survival, patency, and limb salvage between vein and synthetic grafts.
Univariate and multivariate analyses identified factors affecting synthetic graft outcomes.

Main Results:

Greater saphenous vein grafts demonstrated superior primary/secondary patency and limb salvage rates (5-year limb salvage: 73.3% vs. 56.7%).
For synthetic grafts, favorable preoperative factors included hypertension, coronary heart disease, and no prior endovascular intervention.
Independent predictors of higher primary patency for synthetic grafts were no prior endovascular intervention, lower peripheral arterial occlusive disease severity, coronary heart disease, and age over 65.

Conclusions:

The greater saphenous vein is the optimal choice for below-knee bypass.
Synthetic grafts serve as a valuable alternative, especially for patients over 65 with coronary heart disease and no prior radiologic interventions.