[Thoracic outlet syndrome : Interdisciplinary diagnostics and treatment]

The thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to a group of clinical conditions caused by compression of nerves and blood vessels in congenital or acquired anatomical narrowing of the upper thoracic aperture. This includes the anatomical structures, such as the scalene muscles, the first rib, a possibly present cervical rib, the costoclavicular joint or the pectoralis minor muscle. Isolated venous compression is also known as thoracic inlet syndrome (TIS). The symptoms are diverse and the path to a correct diagnosis is often prolonged. In the absence of anatomical anomalies, conservative treatment is indicated, such as physical therapy and adequate pain management. Especially in young patients, TOS should be considered when embolic events in the upper extremities occur without other risk factors. Appropriate multimodal diagnostics and targeted therapy are challenging and require treatment in specialized departments. Surgical treatment is complex and over the years various procedures with a favorable outcome for the affected patients have been established.