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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

iPS Cell Differentiation

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

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Modeling Osteosarcoma Using Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Patient-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Modelling human disease with pluripotent stem cells.

Richard Siller¹, Sebastian Greenhough¹, In-Hyun Park²

¹Stem Cell Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo. PO Box 1112. Blindern. 0317 Oslo. Norway.

Current Gene Therapy

|March 1, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular reprogramming advances enable patient-specific stem cell models for genetic diseases. These models aid in understanding disease mechanisms and developing therapies, though standardization is needed.

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Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Genetics
Disease modeling

Background:

Cellular reprogramming allows generation of patient-derived pluripotent stem cells.
These cells offer a renewable source for studying genetic diseases.
Current methods lack established international standards for characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current state of disease modeling using pluripotent stem cells.
To highlight applications in ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal diseases.
To discuss potential in cancer and infectious disease modeling.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on pluripotent stem cell-based disease models.
Focus on studies demonstrating disease phenotypes in relevant cell types.
Discussion of challenges and future directions.

Main Results:

Pluripotent stem cells can model a wide range of genetic diseases.
Disease phenotypes have been observed in ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal derivatives.
Applications extend to modeling cancer and infectious diseases.

Conclusions:

Pluripotent stem cell technology is a powerful tool for disease modeling and therapeutic development.
Establishing international standards for cell characterization is crucial.
Addressing technical and scientific challenges will improve clinical outcomes.