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Related Concept Videos

Non-conservative Forces01:17

Non-conservative Forces

Non-conservative forces are dissipative forces such as friction or air resistance. These forces take energy away from a system as it progresses. Unlike conservative forces, non-conservative forces do not have potential energy associated with them. This is because the energy is lost to the system and cannot be turned into useful work later.
Also unlike their conservative counterparts, they are path-dependent; where the object starts and stops does matter. For example, a grinding wheel applies a...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle01:23

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
Coplanar Forces01:25

Coplanar Forces

Consider an object upon which multiple forces are acting. If the lines of action of each force lie within the same plane, the system can be considered coplanar. The Cartesian vector form can be used to resolve each force into its respective components. For a coplanar system, the system will be in equilibrium if each component of the resultant force equals zero and the resultant force on the system is zero. If the sum of the forces is not equal to zero, then the object will not be in equilibrium...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
08:44

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

Many-body effects for critical Casimir forces.

T G Mattos1, L Harnau, S Dietrich

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. tgmattos@is.mpg.de

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|March 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Critical Casimir forces between colloids in liquid mixtures are investigated. Many-body forces significantly influence these interactions, especially at close distances and near critical temperatures, reaching up to 25% of the total force.

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Realistic Membrane Modeling Using Complex Lipid Mixtures in Simulation Studies
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Realistic Membrane Modeling Using Complex Lipid Mixtures in Simulation Studies

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
08:44

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

Realistic Membrane Modeling Using Complex Lipid Mixtures in Simulation Studies
07:31

Realistic Membrane Modeling Using Complex Lipid Mixtures in Simulation Studies

Published on: September 1, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Critical Casimir forces arise from fluctuations in critical fluid mixtures.
  • These forces are significant for colloidal systems near phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate scaling functions for critical Casimir forces.
  • To analyze normal and lateral forces on colloids near a substrate.
  • To quantify many-body contributions to these forces.

Main Methods:

  • Mean-field theory calculations.
  • Analysis of geometrical arrangements and boundary conditions.
  • Subtraction of pairwise forces to isolate many-body effects.

Main Results:

  • Observed sign changes in critical Casimir forces with varying colloid position or temperature.
  • Identified pronounced many-body contributions at small colloid-colloid and colloid-substrate distances.
  • Quantified many-body forces up to 25% of the total force near criticality.

Conclusions:

  • Many-body forces play a crucial role in colloidal systems within critical fluids.
  • Understanding these forces is essential for predicting colloidal behavior near phase transitions.