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Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

What is the Skeletal System?

What is the Skeletal System?

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model

Published on: July 3, 2020

[SSBT (severely suppressed bone turnover) ].

¹Bone and Joint Surgery, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Japan.

Clinical Calcium

|March 1, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term bisphosphonate treatment may lead to rare atypical fractures due to suppressed bone turnover. This accumulation of microdamage can cause fatigue fractures in patients.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model

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Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Pharmacology
Bone Biology

Context:

Atypical femoral shaft and pelvic fractures linked to long-term bisphosphonate use were first reported in 2005.
While numerous cases have since been documented, these fractures remain infrequent relative to the overall number of patients undergoing bisphosphonate therapy.

Purpose:

To explore the potential mechanisms behind atypical fractures in patients on long-term bisphosphonate treatment.
To understand the relationship between suppressed bone turnover and the occurrence of these fractures.

Summary:

Bisphosphonates, commonly used to treat osteoporosis, can accumulate in bone tissue.
Long-term use is associated with suppressed bone turnover, potentially leading to microdamage accumulation.
This microdamage is hypothesized to cause clinical fatigue fractures in the femur and pelvis.

Impact:

Highlights a potential risk associated with long-term bisphosphonate therapy.
Informs clinical practice regarding patient monitoring and fracture risk assessment.
Contributes to the understanding of bone fragility and drug-induced skeletal pathologies.