Physiological effects of 1,3-butanediol fed to cattle

Area of Science:

• Animal Science
• Nutritional Biochemistry
• Ruminant Physiology

Background:

• 1,3-butanediol is a potential energy source for livestock.
• Understanding its effects on cattle metabolism and performance is crucial for feed formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of dietary 1,3-butanediol on rumen fermentation, blood parameters, growth, feed efficiency, and body composition in growing cattle.
• To determine safe and effective inclusion levels of 1,3-butanediol in cattle diets.

Main Methods:

• Four trials were conducted using growing cattle fed diets with varying grain and alfalfa pellet ratios.
• 1,3-butanediol was added at 4% to specific diets, with higher inclusion levels (6% or more) tested separately.
• Rumen fermentation end products, blood components (glucose, ketones), growth rates, feed efficiency, and body composition were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Feeding 4% 1,3-butanediol did not significantly alter rumen pH, volatile fatty acid ratios, blood glucose, or blood ketones.
• Cattle consuming 4% 1,3-butanediol exhibited growth rates and feed efficiency comparable to or better than controls.
• Body composition remained unaffected by 4% 1,3-butanediol supplementation.
• Inclusion of 6% or more 1,3-butanediol resulted in elevated blood ketones, hyperactivity, reduced weight gain, and decreased feed efficiency.

Conclusions:

• Dietary 1,3-butanediol at 4% inclusion is safe for growing cattle, showing no adverse physiological effects.
• Supplementation with 4% 1,3-butanediol may enhance cattle performance, including growth rate and feed efficiency.
• Higher levels of 1,3-butanediol (≥6%) are detrimental to cattle health and performance, necessitating careful consideration of inclusion rates.