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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
07:36

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

Published on: June 12, 2021

Exhausting T cells in CLL.

Thorsten Zenz1

  • 1NCT/DKFZ, University of Heidelberg.

Blood
|March 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients have dysfunctional CD8+ T cells. These T cells show impaired proliferation and cytotoxicity, indicating T-cell exhaustion in CLL.

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Draining Lymph Node Metastasis Model for Assessing the Dynamics of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells During Tumorigenesis

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy.
  • T-cell dysfunction is increasingly recognized in CLL pathogenesis.
  • The role of CD8+ T cells in CLL remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize CD8+ T cells in patients with CLL.
  • To investigate the functional status and phenotype of CD8+ T cells in the context of CLL.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry analysis of T cells from CLL patients.
  • Assessment of T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays.
  • Evaluation of inhibitory receptor expression on CD8+ T cells.

Main Results:

  • CD8+ T cells from CLL patients exhibit reduced proliferation capacity.
  • Cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells is significantly impaired in CLL.
  • Increased expression of inhibitory receptors (e.g., PD-1, TIM-3) was observed on CLL-associated CD8+ T cells.
  • These findings indicate a state of T-cell exhaustion.

Conclusions:

  • CD8+ T cells in CLL patients display hallmarks of functional exhaustion.
  • This T-cell exhaustion may contribute to impaired anti-leukemic immunity in CLL.
  • Targeting T-cell exhaustion could represent a potential therapeutic strategy in CLL.