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Specific immune responses in typhoid fever & after TAB vaccination
P Bhaskaram1, B K Sahay, N S Rao
1National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad.
The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|March 1, 1990
Summary
Some individuals struggle to mount immune responses to Salmonella typhi after infection or TAB vaccination. This immune deficiency may explain frequent reinfections and lack of vaccine protection.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Microbiology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever, a significant global health concern.
- The TAB vaccine is used to prevent typhoid fever, but its efficacy can vary.
- Understanding immune responses is crucial for improving typhoid fever prevention and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate specific immune responses to Salmonella typhi in typhoid fever patients and healthy vaccine recipients.
- To identify individuals who fail to develop adequate humoral or cell-mediated immunity.
- To explore the implications of immune response deficiencies on reinfection and vaccine effectiveness.
Main Methods:
- Studied 131 patients with typhoid fever and 34 healthy individuals post-TAB vaccination.
- Assessed specific humoral immune responses.
- Assessed specific cell-mediated immune responses.
Main Results:
- A proportion of individuals did not develop specific humoral or cell-mediated immune responses.
- Approximately 5% of naturally infected patients and 9% of vaccine recipients failed to develop both responses.
- Immune response deficiencies were observed in both naturally infected and vaccinated groups.
Conclusions:
- Inability to mount sufficient specific immune responses may underlie frequent reinfection and carrier states in typhoid fever.
- The same immune deficiency mechanism could explain the lack of absolute protection following TAB vaccination.
- Targeting immune response enhancement could improve typhoid fever control strategies.