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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
Published on: March 24, 2018
The nature of hydrogen bonding in protic ionic liquids
Robert Hayes1, Silvia Imberti, Gregory G Warr
1Discipline of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia.
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 2, 2013
Abstract:
The size, direction, strength, and distribution of hydrogen bonds in several protic ionic liquids (PILs) has been elucidated using neutron diffraction and computer simulation. There is significant variation in PIL hydrogen bond interactions ranging from short and linear to long and bi-/trifurcated. The nature of the PIL's hydrogen bonds reflects its macroscopic properties.
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01:04Hydrogen Bonds
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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03:13Intermolecular Forces
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02:45Alkyl Halides
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Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
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01:08Covalent Bonds
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When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally, creating polar bonds.
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