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Updated: May 13, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
Published on: February 19, 2018
The co-evolution of knowledge and event memory
Angela B Nelson1, Richard M Shiffrin
1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Abstract:
We present a theoretical framework and a simplified simulation model for the co-evolution of knowledge and event memory, both termed SARKAE (Storing and Retrieving Knowledge and Events). Knowledge is formed through the accrual of individual events, a process that operates in tandem with the storage of individual event memories. In 2 studies, new knowledge about Chinese characters is trained over several weeks, different characters receiving differential training, followed by tests of episodic recognition memory, pseudo-lexical decision, and forced-choice perceptual identification. The large effects of training frequency in both studies demonstrated an important role of pure frequency in addition to differential context and differential similarity. The SARKAE theory provides a framework within which models for various tasks can be developed; we illustrate the way this could operate, and we make the verbal descriptions of the theory more precise with a simplified simulation model applied to the results.
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