Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function like a...
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This period is...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How should the advancement of large language models affect the practice of science?

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Dialogues about the practice of science.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Modeling collaborative memory with SAM.

Memory & cognition·2024
Same author

Validation of a rodent model of episodic memory replay.

Learning & behavior·2024
Same author

Function estimation: Quantifying individual differences of hand-drawn functions.

Memory & cognition·2024
Same author

Recognition memory decisions made with short- and long-term retrieval.

Memory & cognition·2024
Same journal

Perception and action as one: Re-integrating research on human action through event files.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

Associative learning explains "intuitive statistics" in animals.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

A reciprocal model of practice and skill: Navigating between dropout and expertise.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

The relative psychometric function: A general analysis framework for relating psychological processes.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

A taxonomy of discriminatory behavior.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

Extreme-value signal detection theory for recognition memory: The parametric road not taken.

Psychological review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

The co-evolution of knowledge and event memory.

Angela B Nelson1, Richard M Shiffrin

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.

Psychological Review
|March 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces SARKAE (Storing and Retrieving Knowledge and Events), a model explaining how knowledge and event memory co-evolve. Findings show that event frequency significantly impacts memory formation alongside context and similarity.

More Related Videos

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Understanding the interplay between knowledge acquisition and episodic memory storage is crucial.
  • Existing models often treat knowledge and event memory separately.
  • A unified framework is needed to explain their co-evolutionary dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a theoretical framework, SARKAE (Storing and Retrieving Knowledge and Events), for the co-evolution of knowledge and event memory.
  • To develop a simplified simulation model to test the SARKAE theory.
  • To investigate the role of event frequency, context, and similarity in memory formation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the SARKAE theoretical framework.
  • Created a simplified simulation model based on the SARKAE theory.
  • Conducted two studies involving training on Chinese characters over several weeks.
  • Assessed memory using episodic recognition, pseudo-lexical decision, and perceptual identification tasks.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that knowledge accrual and event memory storage operate in tandem.
  • Observed significant effects of training frequency on memory performance.
  • Confirmed the importance of pure frequency in memory formation, in addition to context and similarity.
  • Validated the SARKAE model's ability to simulate observed results.

Conclusions:

  • The SARKAE theory offers a comprehensive framework for modeling the co-evolution of knowledge and event memory.
  • Event frequency plays a critical role in memory consolidation.
  • The simplified simulation model provides a precise representation of the SARKAE theory's mechanisms.