Hepatitis C virus induces abnormalities in surface and intraocular pressure: a comparative study

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Hepatology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is linked to various ocular manifestations.
• Previous research has often focused on treated or symptomatic patients.
• Ocular findings in untreated, asymptomatic HCV patients require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and describe ocular lesions in treatment-naive, asymptomatic individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
• To conduct a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination to identify subtle ocular abnormalities.

Main Methods:

• A prospective, cross-sectional study involving 95 treatment-naive HCV patients and 54 controls.
• Evaluated visual acuity, anterior segment biomicroscopy, lacrimal function tests (tear break-up time, Schirmer's test), posterior segment examination, and intraocular pressure.
• Analyzed patient demographics, HCV viral load, genotype, and liver fibrosis status.

Main Results:

• HCV patients had a significantly higher risk of impaired lacrimal function (dry eye) and blepharitis compared to controls.
• Mean intraocular pressure was elevated in HCV-infected patients (P<0.001).
• Odds ratios indicated a 3.76-fold increased risk for tear break-up time abnormalities and a 4.17-fold increased risk for Schirmer's test abnormalities.

Conclusions:

• Asymptomatic, treatment-naive HCV patients exhibit a higher prevalence of lacrimal dysfunction and blepharitis.
• Elevated intraocular pressure is a novel finding in HCV patients, previously undescribed.
• Comprehensive eye exams are crucial for detecting ocular complications in HCV patients, even in the absence of symptoms.