Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Anisotropy driven spin-reorientation, and two-step magnetic ordering in cubic semiconducting spinelCr0.1Mn0.9Fe0.2Co1.8O4.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2025
Same author

Conformational Landscape and Polymorphism in 5-Acetic Acid Hydantoin.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2020
Same author

5-Methylhydantoin: From Isolated Molecules in a Low-Temperature Argon Matrix to Solid State Polymorphs Characterization.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2017
Same author

Ti doping-induced magnetic and morphological transformations in Sr- and Ca-substituted BiFeO3.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2016
Same author

Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic studies of 2-oxoacenaphthylen-1(2H)-ylidene nicotinohydrazide.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2016
Same author

Chocolate Milk with Chia Oil: Ideal Sweetness, Sweeteners Equivalence, and Dynamic Sensory Evaluation Using a Time-Intensity Methodology.

Journal of food science·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Composition- and temperature-driven structural transitions in Bi(1-x)Ca(x)FeO3 multiferroics: a neutron diffraction

V A Khomchenko1, I O Troyanchuk, D M Többens

  • 1CEMDRX/Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|March 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Calcium doping in Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO3) introduces weak ferromagnetism and alters its crystal structure, stabilizing antiferroelectric phases at higher doping levels. This research explores structural transitions in Ca-doped BiFeO3.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
12:20

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
12:20

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO3) is a multiferroic material exhibiting both ferroelectric and magnetic ordering.
  • Understanding the impact of doping on its structural and magnetic properties is crucial for potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of heterovalent A-site doping with Calcium (Ca) on the crystal structure and magnetic properties of BiFeO3.
  • To identify structural phase transitions induced by Ca substitution.

Main Methods:

  • Neutron powder diffraction was employed to analyze the long-range crystal structure.
  • Magnetization measurements were conducted to probe the magnetic properties.

Main Results:

  • Ca substitution in BiFeO3 (Bi(1-x)Ca(x)FeO3) induces weak ferromagnetism.
  • An average antiferroelectric structure (PbZrO3-like) is stabilized at x = 0.11.
  • Phase transitions, including R3c → Pnma and Pbam → Imma, were observed with varying Ca content and temperature.

Conclusions:

  • Heterovalent A-site doping significantly modifies the structural and magnetic landscape of BiFeO3.
  • Ca doping can stabilize antiferroelectric phases and induce structural transitions, offering pathways to tune material properties.